Analysis

Reading and Marking

• Reading and Marking techniques - SQ3R Method

IRONY

• Types of Irony and their Functions

• verbal irony: express something by saying the opposite

⇒ effect: reader enjoys finding irony, discovers real meaning and contrast between what is said and what is meant

Oh thank you VERY MUCH for not inviting me to the party!

• dramatic irony: the reader or the audience know more than the characters

⇒ effect 1: readers feel superior, because they know more, only to be soon shown they are not ⇒ readers are taught a lesson

⇒ effect 2: readers feel pity, find it hard to bear the tension and have to see the main character making fatal mistakes ... ⇒ involvement in story

In a play the characters listen to a man explaining enthusiastically that he will travel to the USA on board of an absolutely unsinkable ship - the Titanic!

• irony of situation: sharp contrast between what the characters/readers wish/intend and what real life/the situation is like.

An example would be a man who takes a step aside in order to avoid getting sprinkled by a wet dog, and falls into a swimming pool." (Lars Elleström, Divine Madness. Bucknell Univ. Press, 2002)

Line of argument/argumentative structure

1. describe what the author does (e.g. he puts forward his main thesis, he asks a question, he creates a contrast, he gives examples ...)
2. explain why he does it at this point ( ... in orfder to show/convince/underlien/defend ..)
3. show how he tries to do this effectively (rhetorical devices, argumentation ...)

STYLE

Style (formal vs. informal